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Metta Sutta
The Mettā Sutta is the name used for two Buddhist discourses (Pali, ''sutta'') found in the Pali Canon. The one, more often chanted by Theravadin monks, is also referred to as ''Karaṇīyamettā Sutta'' after the opening word, ''Karaṇīyam'', "(This is what) should be done."〔Translation from the excerpt at Metta#Karaniya Metta Sutta (Sn 1.8).〕 It is found in the Suttanipāta (Sn 1.8) and Khuddakapāṭha (Khp 9). It is ten verses in length and it extols both the virtuous qualities and the meditative development of ''mettā'' (Pali), traditionally translated as "loving kindness"〔Bodhi (2005a), pp. 90, 131, 134, ''passim''; Gethin (1998), pp. 26, 30, ''passim'' (as two words: "loving kindness" ); Harvey (2007), pp. 247-8 (without a hyphen: "lovingkindness" ); Ñāṇamoli & Bodhi (2001), pp. 120, 374, 474, ''passim''; Salzberg (1995), ''passim'' (a hyphen ); Walshe (1995), p. 194; Warder (2004), pp. 63, 94.〕 or "friendliness."〔Kamalashila (1996); Rhys Davids & Stede (1921-25), p. 540, entry for "Mettā," (retrieved 2008-08-22 from "U. Chicago" at http://dsal.uchicago.edu/cgi-bin/philologic/getobject.pl?c.3:1:177.pali). Rhys Davids & Stede's complete list of general translations is "love, amity, sympathy, friendliness, active interest in others." See also Gunaratana (2007) who uses "loving-friendliness" based on the Pali word ''metta'''s being related to the Pali word ''mitta'' ("friend") and that, for Gunaratana, "kindness" is more akin to the Buddhist notion of ''karuna'' (compassion).〕
The other, also chanted by Theravadin Buddhist monks at times, extols the benefits of the practice of ''mettā'' (Pali) and it is found in the Anguttara Nikaya (AN 11.15). is also referred to as ''Mettānisamsa Sutta''. This article will focus on the first version.
==Background==
In Theravāda Buddhism's Pali Canon, ''mettā'' is one of the four "divine abodes" (Pali: ''brahmavihāra'') recommended for cultivating interpersonal harmony and meditative concentration (see, for instance, kammaṭṭhāna). In later canonical works (such as the Cariyāpiṭaka), ''mettā'' is one of ten "perfections" (''pāramī'') that facilitates the attainment of awakening (''Bodhi'') and is a prerequisite to attaining Buddhahood.
According to post-canonical Sutta Nipāta commentary, the background story for the Mettā Sutta is that a group of monks were harassed by tree-dwelling deities in a forest; when the monks seek the Buddha's aid in dealing with the deities, the Buddha teaches the monks the Mettā Sutta for them to recite regularly; the monks do so and, as a result, win over the deities' good will.〔See, e.g., Bodhi (2005b).〕〔Gunaratana (2007).〕
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